For more than half a century, rivalry for river resources has been a source of interstate tension between India and Pakistan (Wirsing & Jasparro, 2006). During the partition of British India in 1947 and the formation of the two states, demarcation lines were drawn that were defined as the “Indus watershed” (Gardner, 2019). The position of the lines meant that India was taking control of the upstream dams that regulated the flow of water to Pakistan (TBL, 2014). When the border between India and Pakistan crossed many tributaries of the river, an upstream and downstream power structure emerged that was the source of tension between the two countries, particularly in response to dam projects in Indian-administered territory (see Kishanganga Dam Conflict). “At the same time, we can build and carry out run-of-the-river hydroelectric projects there. That is also our right under the Treaty. So we are working on it. If we work on the hydroelectric potential and (on rivers like) Kishanganga, then they have a problem that we divert water. All their objections are based on fears. That`s why when we go there in real terms (in international arbitration), we always win and lose them,” Shekhawat said. Yoffe, S., Wolf, A. T. & Giordano, M.

Conflict and Cooperation on International Freshwater Resources: Indicators of Threatened Basins. J. Am. Water resource. 39, 1109–1126 (2003). Dai, A. G., Qian, T. T., Trenberth, K.

E. & Milliman, J. D. Changes in continental freshwater discharge from 1948 to 2004. J. Clim. 22, 2773–2792 (2009). The Standing Committee on Water Resources also recommended that India constantly monitor Chinese measures to ensure that they do not carry out major interventions on the Brahmaputra River that could harm India`s national interests. The panel presented the report to the Lok Sabha on Thursday. However, neither side could afford to break off the talks.

The Pakistani press countered rumours of the end of the negotiations with talks on the intensification of hostilities; The government was ill-prepared to drop talks on a violent conflict with India and was forced to reconsider its position. [39] [40] India has also sought to resolve the Indus issue; Major development projects were put on hold by negotiations, and Indian leaders were eager to divert water for irrigation. [41] The case study on inland navigation is a classic example of a time bomb that will eventually explode as a result of growing demand and lower supply. However, the Treaty defines absolutely no mechanism to deal with the adversities of climate change, while global efforts to address the impact of climate change on transboundary rivers are disproportionate and do not address localized problems of global importance.17 Solving these water-related problems is a challenge and requires overcoming a variety of overlapping socio-economic problems. ecological and political pressure to assess the impact of climate change on rivers and then translate them into the water division mechanism. This comprehensive translation requires cooperation and trust between countries that share the water resources of a river basin. However, modern treaties in general and inland waterway transport in particular do not encourage frequent interactions between coasts due to structural shortcomings. Due to the complexity of the problem, transboundary river basin management cannot be ensured through the isolated enforcement of decisions.65 Decisions based on local considerations can lead to misleading conclusions that can have an impact on the peace and stability of the region. A more integrated approach to solving cross-border problems not only contributes to substantial regional development, but also promotes regional peace by enabling riparian States to work with mutual understanding towards common goals. Laghari, A. N., Vanham, D. & Rauch, W.

The Indus Basin as part of the current and future management of water resources. J. Hydrol. Terre Sysems Sci. 16, 1063–1083 (2012). Indus Waters Treaty, signed on 19 September 1960 between India and Pakistan and negotiated by the World Bank. The treaty established and delineated the rights and obligations of the two countries with respect to the use of the waters of the Indus system. According to the Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan in 1960, all the waters of the eastern rivers – Sutlej, Beas and Ravi – are allocated to India for unrestricted use. The waters of the western rivers – Indus, Jhelum and Chenab – have been largely attributed to Pakistan. Although its regulatory framework for water distribution between the two states has been widely accepted by both sides, the treaty has seen rising tensions as conflict escalated in the disputed area of Jammu and Kashmir.

The distribution of control over the tributaries of the Indus is still controversial, and some ambiguities have allowed India to legally build the infrastructure that Pakistan says undermines its water security and the treaty itself. This ambiguity has led to polarized interpretations on both sides. The ideal framework would include riparian states and a neutral legislative authority that would enforce the law adopted in the water-sharing mechanism. .